10th Science Quarterly Exam Question Paper & Answer Key 2026 | Ranipet District (EM)

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Accelerate your academic revision with the official 10th Standard Science Quarterly Exam 2026 Question Paper and Answer Key released for Ranipet District (English Medium). This dedicated preparation tool features the authentic regional examination paper paired with comprehensive solutions covering Physics, Chemistry, and Biology sections. Evaluating your performance with this paper enables English medium students to identify essential question trends, refine their time management, and build strong confidence for the upcoming board exams.

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10th Science Quarterly Exam Question Paper & Answer Key 2026 | Ranipet District (EM)

RANIPET DISTRICT Standard X Reg. No.: [__________]

QUARTERLY EXAMINATION - SEPTEMBER 2026

SCIENCE (ENGLISH MEDIUM) • ANSWER KEY & COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Time: 3.00 hrs Marks: 75

Part - I • I. Choose the correct answer: 12 × 1 = 12

1. In a person with myopia, image of distant object is formed:

Answer: c) in front of retina

2. Which of the following statements about electric current is correct?

Answer: b) Rate of change of charge is current

3. Volume of 0.1 mole of a gas at STP is:

Answer: b) 2.24 litre

4. In metallurgical operations, carbon acts as a:

Answer: b) reducing agent

5. Deliquescent substances have:

Answer: a) strong affinity to water

6. Casparian strips are found in the endodermis of:

Answer: b) stem (or root)

7. Nissl's granules are found in:

Answer: b) nervous system

8. Chemical coordination is carried out by:

Answer: d) all of them

9. The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a tract of nerve fibres called:

Answer: c) corpus callosum

10. An example for an exocrine gland:

Answer: c) salivary gland

11. Sperms are temporarily stored in:

Answer: a) epididymis

12. A chromosome with centromere exactly at the centre forming two equal arms is:

Answer: b) metacentric

Part - II • II. Answer any seven questions (Q.No. 22 is compulsory): 7 × 2 = 14

13. State Newton's Second Law of Motion.

Answer:
The force acting on a body is directly proportional to the rate of change of linear momentum of the body and the change in momentum takes place in the direction of the force.
Formula: F = ma.

14. Differentiate between an Ideal Gas and a Real Gas.

Ideal Gas	Real Gas
Atoms or molecules do not interact with each other.	Atoms or molecules interact with each other.
There is no force of attraction between molecules.	Force of attraction is present between molecules.
They strictly obey Boyle's law, Charles's law, and Avogadro's law.	They do not obey gas laws under all conditions.

15. Fill in the blanks: Isobars are atoms of _______ mass number and _______ atomic number.

Answer: Same mass number and different atomic number.

16. What is rust? Give the chemical equation for rusting of iron.

Answer:
When iron is exposed to moist air, it forms a layer of brown hydrated ferric oxide called rust.
Equation: 4Fe + 3O₂ + xH₂O → 2Fe₂O₃·xH₂O (Rust).

17. Why do aquatic animals thrive more in cold regions?

Answer:
The solubility of oxygen in water increases as the temperature decreases. More amount of dissolved oxygen is present in the cold water, making it easier for aquatic animals to respire and thrive.

18. What is the importance of rings of cartilage in the trachea of rabbit?

Answer:
Rings of cartilage support the trachea and prevent it from collapsing, ensuring the continuous and free passage of air.

19. Match the following:

A) Nissl's granules — Cyton
B) Hypothalamus — Forebrain
C) Cerebellum — Hindbrain
D) Schwann cell — Peripheral nervous system

20. Identify the parts A, B, C, and D in the structure of a pollen grain:

Answer:
A — Exine
B — Intine
C — Generative cell
D — Vegetative nucleus

21. State True or False: Mendel's dihybrid phenotypic ratio in F₂ generation is 9:3:3:1.

Answer: True.

22. [Compulsory] A person with hypermetropia can see distant objects clearly, but cannot see objects closer than 1.5 m clearly. Find the focal length of the corrective lens required (least distance of distinct vision D = 25 cm).

Solution:
Given: Near point of the defective eye d = 1.5 m
Least distance of distinct vision for normal eye D = 25 cm = 0.25 m
Formula: f = (d × D) / (d − D)
f = (1.5 × 0.25) / (1.5 − 0.25) = 0.375 / 1.25
f = 0.3 m (or 30 cm).

Part - III • III. Answer any seven questions (Q.No. 32 is compulsory): 7 × 4 = 28

23. Define Like and Unlike parallel forces.

Answer:
• Like Parallel Forces: Two or more forces of equal or unequal magnitude acting along the same direction, parallel to each other.
• Unlike Parallel Forces: Two or more forces of equal or unequal magnitude acting along opposite directions, parallel to each other.

24. a) Differentiate between Convex lens and Concave lens. b) Define calorie.

Answer:
a) Differentiation:

Convex Lens	Concave Lens
Thicker in the middle and thinner at edges.	Thinner in the middle and thicker at edges.
Converging lens.	Diverging lens.
Produces mostly real images.	Produces always virtual images.
Used to treat Hypermetropia.	Used to treat Myopia.

b) Calorie: The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1°C.

25. a) Define electric current. b) Name and define its SI unit.

Answer:
a) Electric current: The rate of flow of electric charges across any cross-section of a conductor (I = Q / t).
b) Unit: The SI unit of electric current is ampere (A).
Definition of Ampere: The current flowing through a conductor is said to be one ampere when a charge of one coulomb flows across any cross-section of the conductor in one second (1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb / 1 Second).

26. Verify the law of conservation of mass for the reaction: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃.

Solution:
Formula: Mass = Number of moles × Molecular mass
Mass of N₂ = 1 × (14 × 2) = 28 g
Mass of H₂ = 3 × (1 × 2) = 6 g
Total mass of reactants = 28 g + 6 g = 34 g
Mass of NH₃ = 2 × [14 + (3 × 1)] = 2 × 17 = 34 g
Total mass of reactants (34 g) = Total mass of products (34 g). Hence verified.

27. a) What happens when magnesium sulphate heptahydrate is heated? b) Define solubility.

Answer:
a) Heating Epsom salt: When magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (MgSO₄·7H₂O) is heated, it loses seven water molecules and becomes anhydrous magnesium sulphate:
MgSO₄·7H₂O → MgSO₄ + 7H₂O
b) Solubility: Solubility is defined as the number of grams of a solute that can be dissolved in 100 g of a solvent to form its saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure.
Formula: Solubility = (Mass of solute / Mass of solvent) × 100.

28. Why is mitochondria called the "powerhouse of the cell"? Mention any three functions of mitochondria.

Answer:
Mitochondria synthesizes large number of energy-rich ATP molecules through cellular respiration, so it is called the "powerhouse of the cell".
Functions:
1. Main organelle of cellular respiration.
2. Helps maintain the normal concentration of calcium ions.
3. Regulates the metabolic activities of the cell.

29. a) Write the dental formula of rabbit. b) Who discovered Rh factor and where was it found?

Answer:
a) Dental formula of rabbit: (I 2/1, C 0/0, PM 3/2, M 3/3) or 2033 / 1023.
b) Rh factor: Discovered by Landsteiner and Wiener in 1940 in the blood of Rhesus monkey.

30. a) Name the parts of the hindbrain. b) What are the functions of Parathormone?

Answer:
a) Parts of hindbrain: 1. Cerebellum 2. Pons 3. Medulla oblongata.
b) Functions of Parathormone:
• Regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body.
• Acts on bones, kidneys, and intestine to maintain optimal blood calcium levels.

31. a) True or False: Grasses are insect-pollinated flowers. b) Differentiate phenotype and genotype.

Answer:
a) False. Reason: Grasses are wind-pollinated (anemophilous).
b) Difference:
• Phenotype: The physical, observable morphological expression of a trait (e.g., Tall, Dwarf).
• Genotype: The genetic constitution of an organism for a particular trait (e.g., TT, Tt, tt).

32. [Compulsory] A solution is prepared by dissolving 16 g of sugar in 100 g of water. Calculate the mass percentage of solute and solvent.

Solution:
Mass of solute = 16 g
Mass of solvent (water) = 100 g
Mass of solution = 16 + 100 = 116 g
Mass % of solute = (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100 = (16 / 116) × 100 = 1600 / 116 = 13.79%
Mass % of solvent = 100 − 13.79 = 86.21%.

Part - IV • IV. Answer all the questions: 3 × 7 = 21

33. a) i) State any five properties of light. ii) Differentiate between Mass and Weight.

Answer:
i) Properties of light:
1. Light is a form of energy.
2. Light always travels along a straight line.
3. Light does not require any material medium for its propagation.
4. The speed of light in vacuum or air is c = 3 × 10⁸ m s⁻¹.
5. In visible light, violet light has the lowest wavelength and red light has the highest wavelength.
ii) Differentiate Mass and Weight:

Mass	Weight
Fundamental physical quantity.	Derived physical quantity.
Quantity of matter contained in a body.	Gravitational force exerted on a body (W = mg).
Unit: Kilogram (kg).	Unit: Newton (N).
Scalar quantity.	Vector quantity.

(OR) 33. b) i) State Joule's law of heating. ii) Derive the ideal gas equation.
i) Joule's law of heating: The heat (H) produced in a resistor is directly proportional to:
1. The square of the current (I²) passing through the resistor.
2. The resistance (R) of the resistor.
3. The time (t) for which the current flows.
Formula: H = I²Rt.
ii) Ideal gas equation derivation:
According to Boyle's law: PV = constant (or V ∝ 1/P)
According to Charles's law: V / T = constant (or V ∝ T)
According to Avogadro's law: V / n = constant (or V ∝ n)
Combining these three laws: PV / nT = constant
Since number of moles n = μ N_A, we have PV / (μ N_A T) = k_B (Boltzmann constant)
PV = μ N_A k_B T.
Putting Universal Gas Constant R = N_A k_B (where R = 8.31 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹), for 1 mole of gas: PV = RT.

34. a) i) Explain the smelting process in the extraction of iron in a blast furnace. ii) What is the action of dilute nitric acid on aluminium?

Answer:
i) Smelting of iron: The charge consisting of roasted iron ore (Fe₂O₃), coke (C), and limestone (CaCO₃) in the ratio 8:4:1 is introduced from the top of the blast furnace:
• Lower region (Combustion zone at 1500°C): C + O₂ → CO₂ + Heat
• Middle region (Fusion zone at 1000°C): CO₂ + C → 2CO + Heat
CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
CaO + SiO₂ → CaSiO₃ (Slag)
• Upper region (Reduction zone at 400°C): Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂
ii) Action of dilute HNO₃ on aluminium: Dilute nitric acid does not attack aluminium; it forms a protective passive oxide film (Al₂O₃) on its surface, rendering it passive.
(OR) 34. b) i) Write the postulates of modern atomic theory. ii) Differentiate between Hygroscopic and Deliquescent substances.
i) Modern atomic theory:
1. An atom is no longer indivisible.
2. Atoms of the same element may have different atomic masses (Isotopes: ₁₇Cl³⁵, ₁₇Cl³⁷).
3. Atoms of different elements may have same atomic masses (Isobars: ₁₈Ar⁴⁰, ₂₀Ca⁴⁰).
4. Atoms of one element can be transmuted into atoms of other elements (Artificial transmutation).
5. Mass of an atom can be converted into energy (E = mc²).
ii) Difference:

Hygroscopic Substances	Deliquescent Substances
Absorb moisture from air and do not dissolve.	Absorb moisture from air and dissolve in it.
Do not change their physical state.	Change their physical state into liquid.
Amorphous solids or liquids (e.g., Quicklime, Silica gel).	Crystalline solids (e.g., Caustic soda, Caustic potash).

35. a) i) What are the physiological effects of gibberellins? ii) Write the significance of DNA.

Answer:
i) Physiological effects of gibberellins:
1. Stimulates extraordinary elongation of internodes.
2. Promotes sudden bolting and flowering in rosette plants.
3. Promotes the production of male flowers in monoecious plants.
4. Breaks the dormancy of potato tubers and seeds.
5. Induces formation of seedless fruits (Parthenocarpic fruits).
ii) Significance of DNA:
• Carries and transmits hereditary information from one generation to the next.
• Contains genetic instructions for the synthesis of cellular proteins.
• Controls all life activities, growth, and developmental processes of an organism.
(OR) 35. b) i) Differentiate between Monocot root and Dicot root. ii) Mention the types of neurons based on structure.
i) Anatomical differences between Monocot root and Dicot root:

Tissues	Dicot Root	Monocot Root
Number of xylem	Tetrarch (usually 4)	Polyarch (many)
Cambium	Present (during secondary growth)	Absent
Secondary growth	Present	Absent
Pith	Absent	Present
Conjunctive tissue	Parenchyma	Sclerenchyma